Swine flu (influenza A H1N1) is a viral infection that affects your respiratory system. It gained worldwide attention during the 2009 pandemic. Now, it’s one of the viruses that cause seasonal flu. Symptoms are similar to other types of flu. Most people recover with rest and supportive care, but some are at higher risk for serious illness.
Advertisement
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
Swine flu is a viral infection caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus. It causes many of the same symptoms as seasonal flu, including fever, cough, sore throat, body aches and fatigue.
Advertisement
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
The term “swine flu” became widely known during the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic. That strain contained a unique mix of influenza viruses that were previously found in pigs, birds and humans. The virus spread quickly around the world, causing millions of illnesses and hundreds of thousands of deaths.
Today, the H1N1 virus is still one of the strains responsible for seasonal flu. Healthcare providers usually refer to it as influenza A (H1N1), but many people still know it as swine flu. The virus is included in annual seasonal flu vaccines.
Swine flu symptoms are similar to those of other types of seasonal flu. They usually begin suddenly and can range from mild to severe. H1N1 symptoms may include:
Swine flu happens when you’re infected with the influenza A (H1N1) virus.
The virus spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets released when someone coughs, sneezes, talks or breathes. You can also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. But this is a less common way the virus spreads.
Advertisement
Anyone can get swine flu. But you’re more likely to develop serious illness or complications if you have:
You’re also at risk if you’re pregnant, over age 65, or live in a nursing home or long-term care facility. Children younger than 5 are also at a higher risk.
The best way to reduce your risk is to get a flu vaccine every year. Seasonal flu vaccines are designed to protect against the influenza viruses expected to circulate during that flu season, including influenza A (H1N1).
Other ways you can reduce your risk include:
Most people recover without complications. But severe cases can lead to:
In rare cases, flu-related complications can be life-threatening.
A healthcare provider may diagnose swine flu based on your symptoms and the time of year. If testing is needed, your provider may collect a sample from your nose or throat using a swab.
Tests may include:
Testing may be more likely if you have a high risk for complications, are hospitalized or have severe symptoms.
Most people with swine flu can recover at home with rest, fluids and symptom relief.
Your healthcare provider may prescribe an antiviral medication if treatment begins within the first few days that you have symptoms. Antivirals can shorten the illness and reduce your risk of serious complications.
Antiviral medications include:
Your provider will determine whether antiviral treatment is appropriate for you.
Most people begin feeling better within a few days and recover within one to two weeks. Some symptoms, especially fatigue and cough, may last longer.
Contact your provider if:
Seek emergency medical care if you have:
Most people recover fully from swine flu without long-term effects.
Advertisement
But certain groups have a higher risk of serious illness and complications. Early treatment may help reduce the risk of severe disease in these people.
While recovering from swine flu, it may help to:
The term “swine flu” may bring back memories of the 2009 pandemic. But today, H1N1 is simply one of the viruses that causes seasonal flu. Most people recover without complications, especially with rest and supportive care. Staying up to date on your annual flu vaccine remains one of the best ways to protect yourself. If you develop severe symptoms or have a higher risk of complications, contact a healthcare provider.
Advertisement
Sign up for our Health Essentials emails for expert guidance on nutrition, fitness, sleep, skin care and more.
Learn more about the Health Library and our editorial process.
Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.
Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.
Cold, flu or COVID-19? Cleveland Clinic will help you figure out what to do next.
